INTRODUCTION Ben Bag Bag says: “Turn it, turn it, for everything is in it.” —Mishnah, Avot 5:22, 3rd c. CE BEN BAG BAG is referring to the Torah. This work is a study in how the Rabbis and their descendants turned the Torah. Ben Bag Bag’s image is particularly apt, because there are two ways to turn: spinning on the horizontal axis and overturning on the vertical axis. Spinning the Torah allows you to see different facets or faces of the Jewish crown jewel. “The Torah has 70 faces,”1 say the later
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